Kuti mukwaniritse madongosolo moyenera komanso motsika mtengo, makina osungira okha komanso anzeru ndizofunikira kwambiri, zomwe zimayika patsogolo kufunika kogwiritsa ntchito maloboti azinthu. Dongosolo la "katundu kwa anthu" lokhazikitsidwa ndi maloboti limatha kumaliza ntchito zogulira zinthu monga kubwezeretsanso, kutola zotengera zonse, kutola zidutswa, ndi kubweza, zomwe zakhala zikufunika kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa. M'malo oterowo, mabizinesi amaloboti ayamba, ndipo maloboti osiyanasiyana amaloboti adayambitsidwa mwachangu, ndipo agwiritsidwa ntchito pamalumikizidwe azinthu monga kugwira, kunyamula, kunyamula, ndi zina zambiri. palletizing robots, sorters, etc.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, tikhoza kuona kuti ndondomeko yoyendetsera ntchito yachikhalidwe sikuti imakhala ndi zolakwika zambiri, malo akuluakulu apansi ndi kusanja bwino, komanso, ndi kukwera mtengo kwa nthaka ndi ntchito, kupanikizika kwachuma. mabizinesi amabweranso. Choncho, njira yosungiramo yosagwiritsidwa ntchito, yogwira ntchito, yotsika mtengo, yodzipangira okha komanso yanzeru yakhala mgwirizano wamakampani. Ndiye, kodi ukadaulo uwu wakwaniritsidwa ndi mabizinesi, ndipo chitukuko chake chidzakhala chotani? Ndi kukwera kwa hegerls, anthu ochulukirachulukira amalabadira kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha hegerls wanzeru zonyamula ndi kusanja zida, ndipo msika wa kutengera ndi kusanja zida ulinso wodzaza ndi kuthekera.
Hegris hegerls kutengera ndi kusanja zida amatanthauza zida zotolera zomwe zimasonkhanitsa maoda angapo mugulu, kusanja katundu pambuyo pophatikizana ndi gulu lazogulitsa, kenako ndikuyika katundu pakati malinga ndi makasitomala osiyanasiyana kapena maoda.
Hagerls - mawonekedwe a zida zotumizira ndi kusanja
Zida zotumizira ndi kusanja zomwe zimapangidwa ndi Hergels zimatha kusanja katundu mosalekeza komanso mochulukira. Chifukwa cha makina opangira opangira okha omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga misa, makina osankhira okhawo samangokhala ndi nyengo, nthawi, mphamvu zamunthu, ndi zina zambiri, ndipo zimatha kugwira ntchito mosalekeza. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zidutswa zosankhidwa pa nthawi ya unit ya dongosolo losankhira basi, mphamvu yosankhira ya makina osankhira okha ndi kangapo pa dongosolo losankhira buku, Ikhoza kugwira ntchito mosalekeza kwa maola oposa 100, ndipo imatha kusanja katundu wopakidwa 7000 pa ola limodzi. Ngati ili pamanja, imatha kugawa katundu pafupifupi 150 pa ola limodzi. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ogwira ntchito osankhidwa sangathe kugwira ntchito mosalekeza kwa maola 8 pansi pa mphamvu ya ntchito iyi.
Hagerls - ntchito yotumiza ndi kusanja zida
1) Sinthani kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka malo: makina ogwiritsira ntchito makina amagwiritsa ntchito mashelufu apamwamba kuti asunge katundu. Malo osungiramo zinthu amatha kupangidwira pamtunda wapamwamba, kuchepetsa malo osungiramo zinthu, ndikuwongolera kugwiritsa ntchito malo osungiramo zinthu komanso kusunga mphamvu.
2) Kulondola kwa kusanja kumatheka: zida zosinthira zokha zimagwiritsa ntchito kasamalidwe ka zidziwitso zamakompyuta, kusungirako zinthu zodziwikiratu, kusanja ndi kuwongolera zida, kuti katunduyo azitha kupezeka ndi kusanjidwa mosungiramo momwe zingafunikire. Mu ulalo wa mayendedwe azinthu, makina a automatic Logistics amangokonzekera kutumiza ndi kugawa molingana ndi zomwe adalandira, zomwe zimatha kuwongolera bwino komanso kulondola kwakusanja ndi kugawa.
3) Sinthani kuchuluka kwa malo osungiramo zinthu ndi kasamalidwe kazinthu: imatha kuwongolera ndikuwongolera kosungirako, kutuluka kunja, kusamutsa nyumba yosungiramo zinthu, kuyang'ana kwazinthu ndi ntchito zina zowerengera, kusanthula nthawi yeniyeni ndikuwongolera zinthu, kupereka maziko kwa oyang'anira mabizinesi kupanga zisankho zolondola, zimathandizira kwambiri kuthamanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama, ndikuchepetsa mtengo wazinthu.
4) Zindikirani kuphatikizika kwa chidziwitso ndi kasamalidwe: kudziwitsa zazinthu ndi gawo lofunikira pakuwongolera nyumba yosungiramo zinthu. Kupyolera mu kugwirizana kosasunthika ndi kasamalidwe ka malo osungiramo katundu, kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwekazi ka kayendetsedwe kabwino kabwinobwinobwino kabwinobwinobwinobwinobwinobwinobwinobwinobwinobwinobwinobwino ya tsars zikhale zotani? Zida zosankhira zokha zimatha kupeza ndikukonza zidziwitso zamadongosolo a machitidwe ena oyang'anira, kuti zitsimikizire kuti chidziwitsocho chingapezeke mwachangu, kukonzedwa munthawi yake, molondola komanso moyenera mwachidule zofunikira zogawa ndikukonzekera ndikugawa katundu.
Ndiye mabizinesi angasankhe bwanji zida zoyenera zosinthira ndi kutumiza
1) Nthawi yogwirira ntchito: posankha zida zosinthira, mabizinesi akuyenera kuganizira za mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri munyengo yachitukuko komanso kuchuluka kwapakati panyengo yopuma, sinthani liwiro molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa katundu, ndikusunga malo kuti muwonjezere mphamvu zopangira mtsogolo.
2) Kusankhiratu kolondola: kulondola kwakusankhiratu kumagwirizana mwachindunji ndi mtengo wolowera pakusanja pamanja ndipo ndi chizindikiro chofunikira kuyeza momwe zida zosankhira zimagwirira ntchito. Kulondola kwa zida zosankhira monga gudumu lopendekeka, lamba wamtanda ndi mtundu wa slider zimatha kufika 99.99%, koma pali kusiyana kwakukulu pamasankhidwe, ndipo mabizinesi amayenera kupanga zisankho malinga ndi momwe alili.
3) Kutsika kwapang'onopang'ono: ndicholozera chofunikira kuyesa mphamvu ya zida zotumizira ndi kusanja. Kukangana kwa zida zakusanja ndi kutumizirana zinthu ndizochepa kwambiri, kwenikweni popanda kukhudza, zomwe zimateteza bwino mawonekedwe ndi mkati mwa katundu, ndipo siziwononga ziro.
4) Mapangidwe osinthika komanso osinthika: pakali pano, zida zosinthira zodziwika bwino pamsika zimapangidwira mabizinesi akulu ndi malo akulu, zomwe sizimangokhudza malo ambiri, komanso zimakhala ndi ndalama zambiri poyambira, ndipo sizingasinthidwe pambuyo pake. kukhazikitsa. Kwa mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati, zinthu zosinthidwa makonda komanso mawonekedwe osinthika, omwe amatha kutengera zida zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, mwachilengedwe amakhala zinthu zawo.
Kodi ndingachotse bwanji kusanja bwino kwamanja posankha, ndipo ndingawononge bwanji nthawi ndi zokhwasula-khwasula posankha? Makasitomala ambiri ali ndi mavutowa. Hergels, wopanga zida zosinthira zokha zokha, amakuwuzani kuti bola chida chimodzi chosankhira chitha kuthetsedwa mosavuta, zida zosinthira zodziwikiratu zimatha kudzisintha zokha, zomwe zimatha kusintha kusanja kwanu nthawi 10. Ndiye kodi zida za wopanga zida zosinthira zokha zingathandize bwanji kusanja kuti zitheke kuchulukitsa kakhumi?
Monga zida zotumizira ndi kusanja zomwe zimapangidwa ndi Hergels, zimapangidwa ndi mizere yodziyimira yokha, yonyamula magalimoto ndi malamba ozungulira. M'mbuyomu, zidutswa 50000 zidasanjidwa ndi kusanja pamanja patsiku, ndipo zidutswa 60000 zidasanjidwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri. Tsopano, zida zosanjikiza zitatuzi zimatha kusanja zidutswa 700000 tsiku limodzi, zomwe zimaposa ka 10 kuposa zomwe zidasinthidwa. Chifukwa cha kusanja kwa zida, kulondola kwa kuzindikira ndikwambiri, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zolakwika kumakhala pafupifupi ziro, Komabe, zidutswa zina zachilendo zimafunikirabe kusanjidwa pamanja, zomwe sizimangowonjezera kusanja kwanthawi ka 10, komanso kumathandizira kangapo. Kuchita bwino kuli mbali imodzi. Hergels amakuuzaninso kuti ndizotetezeka kugwiritsa ntchito kusanja. Njira yosankhira imatha kutsimikizira chitetezo cha kusanja kwa katundu. Katundu amalowetsa mwachindunji dongosolo losankhira kuchokera kumapeto kotsitsa, ndipo katundu samagwera pansi. Nthawi yomweyo, imathanso kutsimikizira kusanja koyenera kwa katundu.
Kutumiza kwanzeru ndi kusanja zida zophatikizika | kufotokoza opanga zida zodzipangira okha amakuuzani momwe mungasinthire magwiridwe antchito nthawi 10
Kuti mukwaniritse madongosolo moyenera komanso motsika mtengo, makina osungira okha komanso anzeru ndizofunikira kwambiri, zomwe zimayika patsogolo kufunika kogwiritsa ntchito maloboti azinthu. Dongosolo la "katundu kwa anthu" lokhazikitsidwa ndi maloboti limatha kumaliza ntchito zogulira zinthu monga kubwezeretsanso, kutola zotengera zonse, kutola zidutswa, ndi kubweza, zomwe zakhala zikufunika kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa. M'malo oterowo, mabizinesi amaloboti ayamba, ndipo maloboti osiyanasiyana amaloboti adayambitsidwa mwachangu, ndipo agwiritsidwa ntchito pamalumikizidwe azinthu monga kugwira, kunyamula, kunyamula, ndi zina zambiri. palletizing robots, sorters, etc.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, tikhoza kuona kuti ndondomeko yoyendetsera ntchito yachikhalidwe sikuti imakhala ndi zolakwika zambiri, malo akuluakulu apansi ndi kusanja bwino, komanso, ndi kukwera mtengo kwa nthaka ndi ntchito, kupanikizika kwachuma. mabizinesi amabweranso. Choncho, njira yosungiramo yosagwiritsidwa ntchito, yogwira ntchito, yotsika mtengo, yodzipangira okha komanso yanzeru yakhala mgwirizano wamakampani. Ndiye, kodi ukadaulo uwu wakwaniritsidwa ndi mabizinesi, ndipo chitukuko chake chidzakhala chotani? Ndi kukwera kwa hegerls, anthu ochulukirachulukira amalabadira kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha hegerls wanzeru zonyamula ndi kusanja zida, ndipo msika wa kutengera ndi kusanja zida ulinso wodzaza ndi kuthekera.
Hegris hegerls kutengera ndi kusanja zida amatanthauza zida zotolera zomwe zimasonkhanitsa maoda angapo mugulu, kusanja katundu pambuyo pophatikizana ndi gulu lazogulitsa, kenako ndikuyika katundu pakati malinga ndi makasitomala osiyanasiyana kapena maoda.
Hagerls - mawonekedwe a zida zotumizira ndi kusanja
Zida zotumizira ndi kusanja zomwe zimapangidwa ndi Hergels zimatha kusanja katundu mosalekeza komanso mochulukira. Chifukwa cha makina opangira opangira okha omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga misa, makina osankhira okhawo samangokhala ndi nyengo, nthawi, mphamvu zamunthu, ndi zina zambiri, ndipo zimatha kugwira ntchito mosalekeza. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zidutswa zosankhidwa pa nthawi ya unit ya dongosolo losankhira basi, mphamvu yosankhira ya makina osankhira okha ndi kangapo pa dongosolo losankhira buku, Ikhoza kugwira ntchito mosalekeza kwa maola oposa 100, ndipo imatha kusanja katundu wopakidwa 7000 pa ola limodzi. Ngati ili pamanja, imatha kugawa katundu pafupifupi 150 pa ola limodzi. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ogwira ntchito osankhidwa sangathe kugwira ntchito mosalekeza kwa maola 8 pansi pa mphamvu ya ntchito iyi.
Hagerls - ntchito yotumiza ndi kusanja zida
1) Sinthani kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka malo: makina ogwiritsira ntchito makina amagwiritsa ntchito mashelufu apamwamba kuti asunge katundu. Malo osungiramo zinthu amatha kupangidwira pamtunda wapamwamba, kuchepetsa malo osungiramo zinthu, ndikuwongolera kugwiritsa ntchito malo osungiramo zinthu komanso kusunga mphamvu.
2) Kulondola kwa kusanja kumatheka: zida zosinthira zokha zimagwiritsa ntchito kasamalidwe ka zidziwitso zamakompyuta, kusungirako zinthu zodziwikiratu, kusanja ndi kuwongolera zida, kuti katunduyo azitha kupezeka ndi kusanjidwa mosungiramo momwe zingafunikire. Mu ulalo wa mayendedwe azinthu, makina a automatic Logistics amangokonzekera kutumiza ndi kugawa molingana ndi zomwe adalandira, zomwe zimatha kuwongolera bwino komanso kulondola kwakusanja ndi kugawa.
3) Sinthani kuchuluka kwa malo osungiramo zinthu ndi kasamalidwe kazinthu: imatha kuwongolera ndikuwongolera kosungirako, kutuluka kunja, kusamutsa nyumba yosungiramo zinthu, kuyang'ana kwazinthu ndi ntchito zina zowerengera, kusanthula nthawi yeniyeni ndikuwongolera zinthu, kupereka maziko kwa oyang'anira mabizinesi kupanga zisankho zolondola, zimathandizira kwambiri kuthamanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama, ndikuchepetsa mtengo wazinthu.
4) Zindikirani kuphatikizika kwa chidziwitso ndi kasamalidwe: kudziwitsa zazinthu ndi gawo lofunikira pakuwongolera nyumba yosungiramo zinthu. Kupyolera mu kugwirizana kosasunthika ndi kasamalidwe ka malo osungiramo katundu, kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwekazi ka kayendetsedwe kabwino kabwinobwinobwino kabwinobwinobwinobwinobwinobwinobwinobwinobwinobwinobwinobwino ya tsars zikhale zotani? Zida zosankhira zokha zimatha kupeza ndikukonza zidziwitso zamadongosolo a machitidwe ena oyang'anira, kuti zitsimikizire kuti chidziwitsocho chingapezeke mwachangu, kukonzedwa munthawi yake, molondola komanso moyenera mwachidule zofunikira zogawa ndikukonzekera ndikugawa katundu.
Ndiye mabizinesi angasankhe bwanji zida zoyenera zosinthira ndi kutumiza
1) Nthawi yogwirira ntchito: posankha zida zosinthira, mabizinesi akuyenera kuganizira za mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri munyengo yachitukuko komanso kuchuluka kwapakati panyengo yopuma, sinthani liwiro molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa katundu, ndikusunga malo kuti muwonjezere mphamvu zopangira mtsogolo.
2) Kusankhiratu kolondola: kulondola kwakusankhiratu kumagwirizana mwachindunji ndi mtengo wolowera pakusanja pamanja ndipo ndi chizindikiro chofunikira kuyeza momwe zida zosankhira zimagwirira ntchito. Kulondola kwa zida zosankhira monga gudumu lopendekeka, lamba wamtanda ndi mtundu wa slider zimatha kufika 99.99%, koma pali kusiyana kwakukulu pamasankhidwe, ndipo mabizinesi amayenera kupanga zisankho malinga ndi momwe alili.
3) Kutsika kwapang'onopang'ono: ndicholozera chofunikira kuyesa mphamvu ya zida zotumizira ndi kusanja. Kukangana kwa zida zakusanja ndi kutumizirana zinthu ndizochepa kwambiri, kwenikweni popanda kukhudza, zomwe zimateteza bwino mawonekedwe ndi mkati mwa katundu, ndipo siziwononga ziro.
4) Mapangidwe osinthika komanso osinthika: pakali pano, zida zosinthira zodziwika bwino pamsika zimapangidwira mabizinesi akulu ndi malo akulu, zomwe sizimangokhudza malo ambiri, komanso zimakhala ndi ndalama zambiri poyambira, ndipo sizingasinthidwe pambuyo pake. kukhazikitsa. Kwa mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati, zinthu zosinthidwa makonda komanso mawonekedwe osinthika, omwe amatha kutengera zida zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, mwachilengedwe amakhala zinthu zawo.
Kodi ndingachotse bwanji kusanja bwino kwamanja posankha, ndipo ndingawononge bwanji nthawi ndi zokhwasula-khwasula posankha? Makasitomala ambiri ali ndi mavutowa. Hergels, wopanga zida zosinthira zokha zokha, amakuwuzani kuti bola chida chimodzi chosankhira chitha kuthetsedwa mosavuta, zida zosinthira zodziwikiratu zimatha kudzisintha zokha, zomwe zimatha kusintha kusanja kwanu nthawi 10. Ndiye kodi zida za wopanga zida zosinthira zokha zingathandize bwanji kusanja kuti zitheke kuchulukitsa kakhumi?
Monga zida zotumizira ndi kusanja zomwe zimapangidwa ndi Hergels, zimapangidwa ndi mizere yodziyimira yokha, yonyamula magalimoto ndi malamba ozungulira. M'mbuyomu, zidutswa 50000 zidasanjidwa ndi kusanja pamanja patsiku, ndipo zidutswa 60000 zidasanjidwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri. Tsopano, zida zosanjikiza zitatuzi zimatha kusanja zidutswa 700000 tsiku limodzi, zomwe zimaposa ka 10 kuposa zomwe zidasinthidwa. Chifukwa cha kusanja kwa zida, kulondola kwa kuzindikira ndikwambiri, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zolakwika kumakhala pafupifupi ziro, Komabe, zidutswa zina zachilendo zimafunikirabe kusanjidwa pamanja, zomwe sizimangowonjezera kusanja kwanthawi ka 10, komanso kumathandizira kangapo. Kuchita bwino kuli mbali imodzi. Hergels amakuuzaninso kuti ndizotetezeka kugwiritsa ntchito kusanja. Njira yosankhira imatha kutsimikizira chitetezo cha kusanja kwa katundu. Katundu amalowetsa mwachindunji dongosolo losankhira kuchokera kumapeto kotsitsa, ndipo katundu samagwera pansi. Nthawi yomweyo, imathanso kutsimikizira kusanja koyenera kwa katundu.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-20-2022